淡色麦酒 Pale Ale

Pale ale is a name given to beers using pale malts which are top fermented. It is another name for Bitter. The term pale was first used to distinguish them from dark porters. In its strictest sense fermentation (scientifically called zymosis) is the energy-yielding anaerobic metabolic breakdown of a nutrient molecule, such as glucose, without net oxidation. ... Bitter is a type of ale, originally derived from pale ale. ... Porter is a type of ale which has a malting aroma and hop bitterness. ...

When pale ales were sold in pubs in the nineteenth century, they were called "bitter beer" by the customers simply because of their bitter taste. Anyway, the bottled version had the description of the brewer on the label, thus being called "pale ale". This double name went on for a long time meaning the same beer.

The Pale Ale has been invented in London and all the brewers producing the best quality were from there. Later on, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the recipe was copied by the Burton-upon-Trent brewers, who got a different version of ale because of the particular water they were using. (Burton-upon-Trent is a large town straddling the River Trent in the east of Staffordshire, England.)
This is the reason why Burton-upon-Trent became the best place to brew Pale Ale.

Nowadays "Bitter" and "Pale Ale" are often used with the same meaning, even if, to be precise, all the Pale Ales are Bitter but the opposite is not always true: there are Bitter Ales that are not Pale Ales.

　　淡色麦酒是啤酒的一种，用麦芽最大限度地发酵。是Bitter的另外一种叫法。开始这种叫法只是为了跟dark porters区分开来。
　　19世纪，当麦酒开始售卖的时候，它们被叫做“苦啤酒”，而这只是因为它们的味道很苦。当然，在瓶装的标签上会有说明，因此叫做“淡色麦酒”。这两个名字持续了很长时间，但是指同一种酒。
　　淡色麦酒传到伦敦而且所有的酿造者都能造出最好质量的。后来，在19世纪后期，配方被Burton-upon-Trent抄去，而他又得到了另外一种配方，这是因为他们用了一种特殊的水。（Burton-upon-Trent是英格兰斯塔福德郡一个横跨Trent河流的城镇）这也是Burton-upon-Trent成为酿造最好的淡色麦酒的原因。
　　现在，“苦啤酒”和“淡色麦酒”经常指的一个意思，即使这样，确切地说，所有的淡色麦酒都是苦啤酒，但是相反不成立，有一些苦啤麦酒并不是淡色麦酒。

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