决定美国总统的270张票怎么产生？

　　美国是直接选举的国家，是每个美国公民都去投票站选总统吗？如果你是这么想的，那可就大错特错了。总统是“选举人”选出来的，要270张票……

Elections are the lifeblood of a democracy. The word democracy literally means "the people rule," an important concept in America's history.

An effective democracy holds regular elections. In America, elections are held every two years for members of Congress. In these elections, all seats in the House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate seats are up for grabs.

In addition, every four years, voters go to the polls to elect the nation's president and vice-president. Voters also regularly cast their ballots for state and city government leaders and local school board members. Sometimes they also have to vote on a proposed law.

In the American electoral system, people don't really vote for presidential candidates. Instead, voters cast their ballots for "electors" who support each candidate. Each state has as many electors as the total number of its representatives in Congress. This equals two senators per state plus the number of its representatives in the House (which is based on the state's population).

The candidate who has the most votes in a state wins all of the state's electors. To win the presidential election, a candidate must gain at least 270 of the 538 total electoral votes.

参考译文（来自互联网）

　　选举是民主的原动力。民主这个字照字面的意思是“人民自主”，是美国历史中一个重要的观念。

　　有效的民主制度定期举行选举。在美国，每两年选一次国会议员。在这些选举中，人们可以争取所有众议院的席位和三分之一的参议院席位。

　　除此以外，选民每四年去投票所选出国家的总统和副总统。选民也定期投票选出州长、市长及当地学校的董事会成员。有时他们也必须投票决定提议的法律。

　　在美国的选举制度中，人们并不直接投票给总统候选人，而是由选民投票给支持各个候选人的“选举人”。每一州的选举人人数和代表此州的国会议员人数相同，等于每一州有两位参议员，加上众议院的众议员人数（以各州的人口为基准）。

　　在一个州里拥有最多票数的候选人就赢得了那一州所有选举人的票数。要赢得总统大选，候选人必须至少获得总共538个选举人中的270张票。

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