亨利-梅因：国际法Lecture 8

tants of the country who may bring help to the wounded shall be respected and remain free. The Generals of the belligerent Powers shall make it their care to in

form the inhabitants of the appeal addressed to their humanity， and of the neutrality which shad be the consequence of it. Any wounded when entertained and taken care of in a house shall be considered as a protection thereto. Any inhabitant who shall have entertained wounded men in his house shall be exempted from the quartering of troops， as well as from a part of the contributions of war which may be imposed. Wounded or sick soldiers shall be entertained and taken care of， to whatever nation they may belong. Commanders-in-chief shall have the power to delver immediately to the outposts of the enemy soldiers who have been wounded in an engagement， when circumstances permit it to be done， and with the consent of both parties. Those who are recognised， after their wounds are healed， as incapable of serving， shad be sent back to their country. The others may also be sent back on condition of not again bearing arms during the continuance of the war. Evacuations， together with the persons under whose directions they take place， shall be protected by absolute neutrality. A distinctive and uniform dag shall be adopted for Hospitals， ambulances， and evacuations. It must on every occasion be accompanied by the neutral flag. A badge for the arm shall also be allowed for individuals neutralized； but the delivery thereof shall be left to the neutral authority. The flag and the badge shall bear a red cross on a white ground.

　　The conduct of the Hospitals established under the Geneva Convention has been carried on by surgeons， nurses， and military servants， with the greatest self-sacrifice and with the greatest enthusiasm. Nothing， I hope， will ever occur to provoke retrograde measures with regard to so great a reform. At the same time there are some drawbacks， from a military point of view， to the application of the provisions of the Geneva Convention， on which I will say a few words in conclusion. I am told on very excellent authority that it is very difficult to persuade military commanders in the field of the perfect fairness and good faith with which these provisions are carried into action. You may not fire on a Geneva Hospital or ambulance， and yet the Geneva Hospital， with its ambulances and appurtenances generally kept a good deal in motion， is a very extensive set of structures， and protects a considerable portion of the field from the line of fire. Generals are apt to think， or to persuade themselves

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