中华人民共和国宪法修正案（附：《中华人民共和国宪法〔1999年修正本〕》） The Amendment to the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of C

(Adopted at the Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 1999, promulgated for implementation by the Proclamation of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 1999)
颁布日期：19990315 　实施日期：19990315 　颁布单位：全国人民代表大会

　　Article 12 The seventh paragraph of the Preamble of the Constitution, which reads, "Both the victory in China's New-Democratic Revolution and the successes in its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism and Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, by upholding truth, correcting errors and surmounting numerous difficulties and hardships. Our country is in the primary stage of socialism. The basic task .0.before the nation is the concentration of efforts of socialist modernization construction in accordance with the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist road and to uphold reform and opening to the outside world, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system, and work hard and self-reliantly to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to build China into a strong, prosperous culturally advances, democratic socialist nation." is revised as follows: "Both the victory in China's New-Democratic Revolution and the successes in its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism and Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, by upholding truth, correcting errors and surmounting numerous difficulties and hardships. Our country will be in the primary stage of socialism over a long period of time. The basic task before the nation is the concentration of efforts of socialist modernization construction along the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist road and to uphold reform and opening to the outside world, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop socialist market economy, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system, and work hard and self-reliantly to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to build China into a strong, prosperous culturally advances, democratic socialist nation."

　　Article 13 One paragraph, which reads, "The People's Republic of China exercises the governing of country according to law, making a socialist country ruled by law." is added to Article 5 of the Constitution as Paragraph One.

　　Article 14 Article 6 of the Constitution, which reads, "The basis of the socialist economic system of the People's Republic of China is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. " "Socialist public ownership eliminates the exploitation of man by man and implements the principle of 'from each according to his ability, and to each according to his work'." is revised as follows: "The basis of the socialist economic system of the People's Republic of China is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. Socialist public ownership eliminates the exploitation of man by man and implements the principle of 'from each

according to his ability, and to each according to his work'." "At the primary stage of socialism, the state upholds the basic economic system of 'public ownership being principal, and multi ownership economies developing together' and upholds the distribution system of 'distribution according to work being principal, and distribution mode coexisting'."

　　Article 15 the fist paragraph of Article 8 of the Constitution, which reads, "The rural contracted responsibility system based mainly on the household linking remuneration to output and cooperative economic forms - producers', supply and marketing, credit and consumers' cooperatives - are part of the socialist economy collectively owned by the working people. All working people who are members of rural economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for their private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock." is revised as follows: "The rural collective economic organizations implement double level operation structure, which is based on household contractual operation and which coordinates both collective and individual production. All working people who are members of rural economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for their private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock."

　　Article 16 Article 11 of the Constitution, which reads, "The individual economy of urban and rural working people, operating within the limits prescribed by law, is a complement to the socialist public economy. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the individual economy." "The state guides, assists and supervises the individual economy by administrative control." "The state permits the private sector of the economy to exist and develop within the limits prescribed by law. The private sector of the economy is a complement to the socialist public economy. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the private sector of the economy, and exercises guidance, supervision and control over the private sector of the economy." is revised as follows: " The non-public economies such as the individual economy and the private sector of the economy, operating within the limits prescribed by law, are important components of the socialist market economy." "The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the individual economy and the private sector of the economy. The state exercises guidance, supervision and control over the individual economy and the private sector of the economy."

　　Article 17 Article 28 of the Constitution, which reads, "The state maintains public order and suppresses treasonable and other counter-revolutionary activities; it penalizes is revised as follows: "The state maintains public order and suppresses treasonable criminal activities and other criminal activities that endanger state security; it penalizes criminal activities that endanger public security and disrupt the socialist economy as well as other criminal activities; and it punishes and reforms criminals."

　　Appendix: Constitution of the People's Republic of China - 1999(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on December 4, 1982, amended at the First Session of the Seventh National People's Congress on April 12, 1988, and amended for the second time at the First Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 29, 1993, and amended for the third time at the Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 1999.)

　　Table of Contents

　　Preamble

　　Chapter One - General Principles

　　Chapter Two - The Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens

　　Chapter Three - The Structure of the State

　　Section I The National People's Congress

　　

Section II The President of the People's Republic of China

　　Section III The State Council

　　Section IV The Central Military Commission

　　Section V The Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments at Various Levels

　　Section VI The Organs of Self-Government of National Autonomous Regions

　　Section VII The People's Courts and the People's Procuratorates

　　Chapter Four - The National Flag, the National Emblem and the Capital

　　Preamble

　　China is a country with one of the longest histories in the world. The people of all of nationalities of China have jointly created a culture of grandeur and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. After 1840, feudal China was gradually turned into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. The Chinese people waged many successive heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and for democracy and freedom. Great and earthshaking historical changes have taken place in China in the 20th century. The Revolution of 1911, led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, abolished the feudal monarchy and gave birth to the Republic of China. However, the historic mission of the Chinese people to overthrow imperialism and feudalism remained unaccomplished.

　　After waging protracted and arduous struggles, armed and otherwise, along a zigzag course, the Chinese people of all nationalities led by the Communist Party of China with Chairman Mao Zedong as its leader ultimately, in 1949, overthrew the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, won a great victory in the New-Democratic Revolution and founded the People's Republic of China. Since then the Chinese people have taken control of state power and become masters of the country.

　　After founding the People's Republic, China gradually achieved its transition from a New Democ

┨网页设计特效库┠ http://www。z┗co⊙l。com/网页特效/