专业术语—口腔生理学术语I3(英文详解)

    Insulin - an endochrine hormone produced in the spleen which controls the amount of sugar in the blood by a) transporting it into cells and promoting glycolysis b) converting it into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles, and c) converting it into fats. Without sufficient insulin, glucose accumulates in the blood and urine and the cells of the body are starved, a condition known as diabetes. The control of insulin production is another example of a feedback system.

    Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) - a cytokine that influences growth hormone activity.

    Integrins are the cell surface receptor molecules which match up with parts of the matrix protein ligands to allow adhesion of the cell to the matrix. The attachment of cells to matrix proteins also influences the cells behaviour, by the expression of genes. The integrins are a family of proteins, found doing the same job on all animal cells. Their importance in maintaining the structural integrity of cells led to the name integrins.

    Intercalated ducts - ducts which carry saliva between the tubules and the striated ducts.

    Interferon - a glycoprotein produced by cell s which mobilise the T lymphocytes to inhibit viruses and the growth of cancer cells.

    Interleukins - a variety of compounds(about 20) that are produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and monocytes. They regulate the cell mediated response of the immune system. Interleukin-1 is involved in the triggering of the immune response, starting acute inflammation and maintaining chronic inflammation. Interleukin-2 is produced by helper T cells and induces proliferation of immune cells, both T and B. Interleukin-3 promotes the differentiation and proliferation of stem cells of the leucocyte family.Interleukin -6 produced by various cells including tumour cells and acts as a stimulant of plasma proteins and B and T cells. Interleukin -12 is produced by a range of cells. It activates T cells and natural killer cells. It promotes the response to a range of pathogens including HIV of Interleukin-2. It appears to be one of the most promising Interleukins for the control of viral, bacterial and protozoal infections.

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