名词的用法

_ to improve the working conditions there.
a. a. a new equipment c. new equipments
b. b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments
35. 35.The boy tried hard but there has been ______ in his work.
a. a. little improvement c. many improvements
b. b. a little improvement d. few improvements
36. 36.Today's modern TV cameras require ______ light as compared with the earlier models.
a. a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little
37. 37.No country can afford to neglect ______.
a. a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education
38. 38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of ______.
a. a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight
39. 39.______ is only surpassed by that of monkeys' and apes'.
a. a. The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogs
b. b. The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent
40. 40.All ______ must take the graduate Management Admission Test.
a. a. business student b. business's students c. business students d. business's student
41. 41.______ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.
a. a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call
b. b. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call
42. 42.The ______ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.
a. a. public's chief concern c. chief public concern
b. b. public chief concern d. chief concern of public's
43. 43.______ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad.
a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were
44. 44.______ can get a better view of the game than the participants.
a. a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons
45. 45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who ______ at the scene of the accidents within minutes.
a. a. were b. have been c. was d. has been
46. 46.Our livestock ______ not as numerous as they used to be.
a. a. is b. are c. be d. been
47. 47.One of the most surprising things is that ______ may come from petroleum.
a. a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrow's food
b. b. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrow's food
48. 48.Scott is an orphan but he received ______.
a. a. very good education c. a very good education
b. b. very good educations d. many good educations
49. 49.After several day's hardworking, we have made ______ on the design.
a. a. much improvement c. many improvement
b. b. several improvements d. some improvement
50. 50.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday.
a. a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoes's shop d. shoe's
51. 51.Eggs, though nourishing, have ______ of fat content.
a. a. large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount
52. 52.He has done some ______ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years.
a. a. research b. a research c. researches d. the researches
53. 53.Recently, he has lost all his ______.
a. a. wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at card
b. b. wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards
54. 54.The country's wealth comes chiefly from its many ______.
a. a. herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles
55. 55.In Britain the ______ are all painted red.
a. a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letters's box
56. 56.Ten years had passed. I found she had ______.
a. a. a little white hair c. a few white hair
b. b. some white hair d. much white hair
57. 57.All his ______ far from satisfaction
a. a. conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. conducts will be
58. 58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, ______ was done.
a. a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage
59. 59.He was ______ what to do.
a. a. at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at his wit's end d. at his wits's end
60. 60.Would you like to have a cup of tea and ______ with me?
a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d. tow pieces of toasts
61. 61.Accurate ______ covering the fact are not obtainable.
a. a. datum b. datums c. data d. datas
62. 62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a few ______.
a. a. how-are-yous c. how-are-you's
b. b. of how-are-you's d. of how are you
63. 63.Albert said he met the girl ______
a. a. at his uncle's Smith room c. at his uncle Smith's room
b. b. at Smith's his uncle's room d. at the room of his uncle's Smith's
64. 64.It is four months since I last saw Keats ______.
a. a. at Mrt Smith's ,the book seller c. at my aunt's, a book seller
b. b. at my aunt's, Mrs Palmer's d. at Mrs Palmer's, the book seller's
65. 65.This room is ______.
a. a. the editor's-in-chief's office c. the editor-in-chief's office
b. b. the editor-in-chief office d. the editor's-in-chief office
66. 66.My old classmate, Comrade Sun ,works at ______.
a. a. a teacher college c. a teacher's college
b. b. a teachers's college d. a college of a teacher's
67. 67.The policemen put the criminal ______.
a. a. in a iron b. into a iron c. in irons d. into a pair of iron
68. 68.Our teacher gave me ______.
a. a. an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice
69. 69.My mother cut the cloth with ______ scissors.
a. a. a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of
70.My house is within ______ from the railway station.
a. a stone's throw b. a throw of a stone c. stone's throw d. the stone's throw
名词练习答案
1 D 15 B 29 D 43 D 57 A
2 D 16 B 30 B 44 B 58 C
3 C 17 B 31 C 45 A 59 D
4 C 18 C 32 C 46 B 60 B
5 A 19 C 33 B 47 D 61 C
6 C 20 B 34 C 48 B 62 B
7 A 21 C 35 A 49 C 63 B
8 D 22 A 36 C 50 B 64 D
9 C 23 D 37 C 51 C 65 B
10 D 24 C 38 B 52 A 66 C
11 C 25 A 39 B 53 D 67 C
12 A 26 A 40 C 54 C 68 D
13 D 27 C 41 D 55 A 69 D
14 B 28 C 42 A 56 D 70 A

 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　名词(II)
一、 名词的种类
名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
1 普通名词
普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据其所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类：
A． 个体名词 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如：student（学生）、pen（钢笔）、bird（鸟）等。
B． 集体名词 （即集合名词）表示由个体组成的集合体。如people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）等。
C． 物质名词 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）等。
D． 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如work（工作）、peace（和平）、love（爱）等。
2 专有名词
专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如：Churchill（丘吉尔）、Tokyo（东京）、China（中国）、the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）等。
二、名词的性
名词按其所表达的物体的自然性别可以分为四类。
1 阴性名词
表示女性或雌性动物的名词。如woman（女人）、hostess（女主人）、cow（母牛）等。
2 阳性名词
表示男性或雄性动物的名词。如man（男人）、host（男主人）、bull（公牛）等。
3 中性名词
表示物体和抽象概念的名词。如radio（收音机）、love（爱）、tree（树）、friend（朋友）等。
4 通性名词
多数英语名词不分性，这类名词特指人类、适用于男性和女性组成的小群体或男性、女性个体。如parents（父母）、couple（夫妇）、children（孩子们）、child（孩子）、person（一个人）等。
三、名词的数
名词分可数名词和不可数名词
1 可数名词
个体名词都是可数名词。每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
A. 单数 表示"一个"的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。如 a book（一本书）、a river（一条河）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。
B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pens（两枝钢笔）、three days（三天）、three cities（三个城市）等。
复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。具体见下表。
规则名词复数形式的构成
词形特点 变为复数形式的构成方法 例 词
大多数名词 在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。） cat--catsbag--bagsday--days
以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词 在词尾加 -es, 读作[iz]。 class--classesmatch--matches
以辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词 把 y 变成 i , 加 -es, 读作[iz] city--cities
但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s, 读作[z] Germany--Germanys
以辅音字母 + o 结尾的名词 一般直接加 -es , 读作[z]; 某些外来词例外，加 -s （如 zero, kilo, tobacco 等） tomato--tomatoesphoto--photospiano--pianos
以元音字母 + o 结尾的名词 直接加 -s, 但读作[z] zoo--zoosradio--radios
以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词 有的直接加 -s, 读作[z] roof--roofs
大多数要将 f 或 fe 变为 v, 再加-es,读作[z] leaf--leaveswife--wives
有些词两种形式者可以 handkerchief--handkerchiefs--handkerchieves
不规则名词复数形式的构成
复数形式的构成特点 例 词
通过改变词内元音字母 man--men foot--feettooth--teeth mouse--mice（老鼠）
通过在词尾加-en ox--oxen（牛） child--children
单复数形式相同 a sheep--two sheepa deer--two deer（鹿）a Chinese--two Chinese（中国人）
外来词保持其原有的复数形式 crisis--crises（危机） basis--bases（基础）phenomenon--phenomena（现象）
复合名词复数形式的构成
词的构成特点 变复数的方法 例 词
由若干部分组成并含有一种中心词（指人的词） 将中心词变为复数形式 son-in-law （女婿）--sons-in-lawgrandchild（孙子）--grandchildrenlooker-on （旁观者）--lookers-on
组成部分均为表示人的主体词 各组成部分都要变为复数形式 woman doctor（女医生）--women doctorman servant（男仆）--men servants
组成部分没有中心词 最后一个组成词上加 -s grown-up （成年人）--grown-upsgo-between（中间人）--go-betweens
只有复数形式的名词
词形特点 例 词
由相同两部分组成的物体的名称 scissors（剪刀） trousers（裤子） glasses（眼镜）
以-ing 结尾的名词化的动名词 savings（积蓄） earnings（工资）belongings（所有物） surroundings（周围环境）
已约定俗成的名词形式 arms（武器） stairs（楼梯） thanks（感谢）
只有单数形式的名词 如：advice（意见），labour（劳动），information（信息、消息），furniture（家具），traffic（交通）。
2 不可数名词
表示无法分清个体的名词。不过，有些词在汉语中可数，在英语中却不可数。例如：news（新闻）、furniture（家具）、bread（面包）等。此类不可数名词要表示"一"这个概念时，需用其它方式表达，如 a piece of news，a piece of furniture，a loaf of bread 等。
一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，通常没有复数形式，但有时为了表示"不同类"或"大量"时，可以用复数形式，例如：China is rich in waters. 中国有丰富的水资源。
四、名词的格
名词的格是表示名词与句中其他词之间关系的名词形式。
名词的格主要有三种：主格、宾格和所有格。
名词的主格与宾格的形式相同，即名词的原形，这种形式也被称为通格或普通格。
名词的所有格又称属格，表示所有关系。
1 名词所有格形式的构成
A. 大多数单数名词后加 's 构成其所有格形式。
Mary's telephone number 玛丽的电话号码
the boy's ball 男孩的球
B. 以 s 结尾的复数名词，在 s 后加 ' 。
the teachers' office 老师们的办公室
he students' dorms 学生宿舍
C．不以s结尾的复数名词所有格的构成形式与单数名词的相同。
the children's toys 孩子们的玩具
the women's hats 女人们的帽子
D．复合词和由两个或两个以上名词表示共有关系的词组，在最后一个名词后加所有格符号's。
his son-in-law's friend 他女婿的朋友
Mary and Linda's mother 玛丽和琳达的母亲
E．如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别的拥有关系，则在每个名词后分别加 'S。
Mary's and Linda's books 玛丽的书和琳达的书
Tom's and Peter's fathers 汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲
2 以介词 of 加名词组成 of 属格
the title of the text 课文的题目
the roof of a hou

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