代 词(I)
2009-04-22 词汇语法 来源：互联网 作者： ℃One can not make progress without good study habits．
没有好的学习习惯，一个人就不能取得进步。
One should always notice other's advantages．
人们应该总是注意到别人的优点。
One who has not finished his homework will stay behind after class．
没有完成作业的人下课后留下来。
6. some和any的用法
A．some和any是表示不定数量的代词，?quot;一些"。some及其构成的合成词常用于肯定句，而any及其构成的合成词常用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
There's some coffee in the bottle．这个瓶子里有一些咖啡。
If you meet any new words in reading，look them up in a dictionary．
如果你在阅读中遇到生词，用字典查出来。
--Is there any water left? --No，there isn't any．
--还有水吗？--不，没有了。
B．如果疑问句表示建议或反问时，要作some，而不是any。
Would you like some coffee?
你想要点咖啡吗？
Aren't there some stamps in that drawer?
那个抽屉里不是有些邮票吗？
Why didn't you buy some fruit?
你为什么不买些水果？
C．当some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示"某一个"，any表示"任何一个"，"随便哪一个"。
Come any day you like．你哪天来都可以。
You can get the book in any bookstore．
你可以在任何一个书店买到这本书。
Your dream will come true some day．
有一天你的梦想会成真的。
She is living at some place in Nanjing．
她住在南京的某个地方。
D. some和 any可以和 one，body，thing一起构成合成不定代词，它们都表示单数概念"某人"、"某物"，在句子中的用法同some，any单独使用时一样。但是，当有定语修饰something，anything，nothing时，定语要放在不定代词之后。
Is there anything wrong with the car?
这辆车出毛病了吗？
Nothing serious has happened．
没发生什么严重的事。
7. little，few，much和many的用法
A．这几个不定代词都表示数量。little和 much修饰或代替不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； few和many修饰或代替可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Much money is needed in the project．
这个计划中需要许多钱。
Little is left．没剩下多少了。
Few words are best．话少最好。
Many hands make light work．人多好办事。
How many（much） do you want？你要多少？
B．little和 few表示否定含义，即"没有什么"，"没有几个"；a little和a few表示肯定含义，"有一点"，"有几个"。而 quite a few表示"相当多"。
There is little time．没有时间了。
There is a little time．还有点时间。
I have a few friends besides you．
除你以外，我还有几个朋友。
I have few friends except you．
除你以外，我没有什么朋友了。
Quite a few students went there earlier．
相当多的学生很早就去了那里。
8. none和no的用法
A．none表示"没有人（物）"，是与 all相对的反义词。 none指代可数名词时，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数；而指代不可数名词时，只能用单数。
None of us is／are perfect．我们谁也不是完美的。
I like none of the books．这些书我都不喜欢。
They none of them have had that kind of experience．
他们谁也没有那样的经历。
--Is there any water? --No，there's none．
--还有水吗？--不，没有了。
B. no表示"没有"，常用作定语构成否定句。
To make rapid progress is no easy matter．
要进步得快并不是件容易的事。
She is no dancer．她不擅长跳舞。
（比较：She is not a dancer．她不是个舞蹈家。）
实力测验
一、用适当的代词填空
l．I want to go with_______（he，his，him）very much．
2．Is this book_______（your，yours）?
3．I want to do it_______（myself，myselfs）．
4．They enjoyed_______（theirself，themselves）．
5．I want______（some，any）apples．I don't want______（some， any）bananas．
6．Each of them______（have， has） a colour pen．
7．______（Her，Hers） name is Mary．
8. My pen is red．______（His，Him）is blue．
9．He has______（few，a few， little， a little） friends． But he has______（few， a few，little， a little） good friends．
10．She has______（many，much） work to do．
二、选择正确答案
l．What's this? ______ a car．
A． Its B． It's C． This
2．This cup is______． ______ is on the table．
A．my， you B．me，yours C．mine， yours
3．There is______ egg on the floor．
A． a B． an C． none
4．Pass ______the salt， please．
A． me B． my C． mine
5．______seat is this? ______Tom's．
A． Who， Its B． What， It's C． Whose， It's
6．These rooms are yours． Those are______.
A．other's B．others' C．others's
7．Why don't you get ______to eat?
A．something B．anything C．everything
8．This notebook is______.
A．my brother's B．my brother's one C．my brother one
9．Do you have ______to read now?
A．something B．anything C．everything
10．It's a cat． ______ name is Bob．
A．Hers B．Its C．It's
一、 1． him 2． yours 3．myself 4． themselves 5． some' any 6．has 7．Her 8．His 9．a few，few 10．much
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．B
I人称代词
一、主格人称代词有I, we, you, he, she, they, it，主格人称代词就是在句中充当主语和表语的代词
1) Archibald Motley's artistic talent ［A］ was apparent ［B］ by the time him ［C］ enrolled ［D］ in high school.
2) Legends often contain an element ［A］ of fact， but ［B］ sometimes it is ［C］ totally ［D］ untrue.
3) Unlike ［A］ road vehicles， Hovercrafts have no physical ［B］ contact with the surface over which ［C］ them ［D］ travel.
二、宾格人称代词有me, us, you, him, her, them, it，宾格人称代词即在句中充当宾语(含介词宾语)的代词
4) Let you and I ［A］ promise that we shall always ［B］ dare to do ［C］ what is ［D］ right.
5) Most of we ［A］ know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton， but how many ［B］ are aware that ［C］ they also direct with their faces， hands ［D］ ， and shoulders?
三、例题解析
1) C错。him是宾格，而此处却需要作主语的人称代词，故应将him改为主格he。
2) C错。 改为they are。C处代替的是"Legends"而不是"an element"。
3) D错。them也是宾格，应改用主格they，作定语从句中的主语，谓语为travel。
4) A错。 改为me。
5) A错。改为宾格us，因为前面是介词of，us作其宾语，故用宾格。
II物主代词
一、表示人的物主代词用my, our, your, his, her和their，指无生命的东西用its(但指国家时一般用she或her)，它们在句中作定语
1) A scientist bases its ［A］ work on hypotheses that ［B］ have been checked ［C］ through careful ［D］ experimentation.
2) Crude rubber is an ［A］ elastic(有弹性的) solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index(折射率) of 1.591， though it ［B］ composition varies with different latexes(橡浆) as well as ［C］ with the way it is prepared ［D］ at the plantation.
3) Manufacturers ［A］ of consumer goods ［B］ often change ［C］ the styles of them ［D］ products.
二、名词型物主代词能作表语(It's theirs)、主语(Mine is there)、宾语(I don't like hers)，与of连用可以作定语(the food of theirs)。
三、例题解析
1) A错。 改为his。
2) B错。 改为its。
3) D错。 改为their。
III反身代词
一、反身代词有myself, ourselves, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself。主语与宾语为同一人或物时，要用反身代词(否则就不能用反身代词)，反身代词也可放在名词或代词(主格)后面(也可放在句尾)起强调作用
1) All ［A］ the scouts(童子军) got theirselves ［B］ ready for the ［C］ long camping trip by spending their weekends living ［D］ in the open.
2) Various ［A］ animals have shells that keep themselves ［B］ from growing beyond ［C］ a certain ［D］ size.
3) Benjamin Banneker's aptitude ［A］ in mathematics ［B］ and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself ［C］ to predict the solar ［D］ eclipse of 1789.
4) The president announced that he himself ［A］ would act upon ［B］ the evidence as presented ［C］ to himself ［D］ by the congressional committee.
5) Garrett ［A］ Morgan died in Cleveland， Ohio， the city that ［A］ had awarded himself ［B］ a gold medal for his devotion ［C］ to public ［D］ safety.
6) Plants rid them ［A］ of excess water through ［B］ transpiration， the evaporation of extra ［C］ moisture from their ［D］ leaves.
7) When Jonathan went ［A］ to Spain with his ［B］ sister， he bought a ［C］ leather coat for her and another for him ［D］ .
二、例题解析
1) B错。 改为themselves。
2) B错。B处明显指代animals，而它前面的主语that却指代shells，也就是说"that"和"themselves"指的不是同一事物。由于主语与宾语不是同一物，故不能用反身代词，应改为宾格them。
3) C错。本句的主语为aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker(在这里它作aptitude的定语)，而C处的代词却指上文提到的人名"Benjamin Banneker"，由于主语与宾语并非指同一人，故不能用反身代词，应改用宾格him。
4) D错。 改为to him。动词"presented"的(逻辑)主语是"evidence"，而不是A处的"he，"所以D"himself"处与C处"presented"的主语"evidence"不一致，所以不能用反身代词。
5) B错。 改为him。同上。
6) A错。此处的them指主语plants，rid是及物动词，由于主语与宾语指同一物，故应使用反身代词themselves。
7) D错。 改为for himself。
IV不定代词
一、"every"(每一个)只作为定语使用，即必须在其后加上单数可数名词构成名词短语，它不可与everyone(每一个)混淆。 everyone相当于名词，它不可修饰其他名词，只作主语或宾语
1) Every ［A］ knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated， but how many ［B］ realize that they were once ［C］ homes for the indigent and the friendless ［D］ ?
2) Everyone ［A］ child in the United States must ［B］ receive ［C］ some form of educational instruction ［D］ .
二、"much"和"many"分别修饰不可数名词和可数名词，可作为代词(如much of)和形容词使用
3) Food seasoning plays an important ［A］ role in the cooking ［B］ customs of much ［C］ cultures in ［D］ the world.
4) The general sales tax has been ［A］ a major source of income for state governments， much ［B］ of which derive more than half ［C］ of their budgets from ［D］ it.
5) Data received from ［A］ two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence ［B］ that huge thunderstorms are now occurring ［C］ around the equator ［D］ of the planet Saturn.
三、 "some"和"any"是表示不定数量的代词，相当于汉语的"一些"，作定语可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，其中some(包括它的合成词something,someone, somebody)多用于肯定句，而any(包括它的合成词anything, anyone, anybody)则用于疑问句和否定句中，其中any在否定句中相当于汉语中的"任何"；形容词修饰something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody, nothing, nobody时，形容词要放在这些词的后边
6) Historians ［A］ have never reached some general ［B］ agreement about ［C］ the precise causes of the ［D］ Civil War in the United States.
四、"another"和"other"分别表示"另外的一个"(an＋other)和"另外的""其余的"意思，可以用作定语修饰名词或单独作主语与宾语，其中前者只用来修饰或指代单数可数名词，后者修饰单复数名词和不可数名词，二者不能相互混淆
7) Lizards lack ［A］ the builtin body temperature control ［B］ many another ［C］ creatures possess ［D］ .
8) Some bacterium are extremely ［A］ harmful， but anothers ［B］ are regularly ［C］ used in producing cheeses， crackers， and many other foods ［D］ .
9) Like ［A］ most another ［B］ art forms， the greek tragedy had ［C］ its origins in religious ［D］ observances.
五、one与other "one"作为代词代替前面提到的人或物，它前边加the； "other"作代词修饰复数名词。 "one…another"表示"一个…另一个"的意思，或表示多个(三者以上)之中的"另一个"，"又一个"； "one…the other"表示两者之中剩下的"另一个，又一个"
10) I'd like to ［A］ buy a coat similar ［B］ to one ［C］ you are wearing ［D］ .
11) Though ［A］ Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight ［B］ vision in another ［C］ ， he became ［D］ an inte
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