被动语态

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：

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主动: We must keep this in mind.
被动：This must be kept in mind.
我们必须把这个记在心里。
主动：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.)
被动：The refrigerator can be put in that place.
我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。
主动：We shall not use the washing machine again.
被动：The washing machine will not be used again.
我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。 原来的谓语shall use被动态中随新主语变为will．
主动: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被动: More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall变will)
我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。
I ought to be criticized for it. 我应该为此受到批评.
All this has to be solved with great care. 这一切得认真解决。
The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 门厅将重建。
The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow. 展览会将明日开放。
再如：
主动：We shall have to adopt a different attitude.
被动：A different attitude will have to be adopted.
我们将不得不采取另一种态度.
主动：You are to leave the bag here.
被动: The bag is to be left here. (are to随新主语变为is to)
你应把包裹放在这儿。
主动：They used to start these engines by hand.
被动：These engines used to be started by hand.
过去他们用手启动马达。
主动: We are going to paint the wall green.
被动：The all is going to be painted green.
我们打算把墙刷成绿色。
主动：You needn't type this letter.
被动：This letter need not be typed. (ought to, need是不变助动词)
你不必把这封信打字。
主动：John seems to like Mary very much.
被动：Mary seems to be liked very much by John.
看来约翰非常喜欢玛丽。
主动：The boy happened to meet her in the street.
被动：She happened to be met in the street by the boy.
这个男孩碰巧在街上遇到了她。
主动：It must have disappointed him terribly that people told him they didn't want him.
被动：He must have been terribly disappointed to be told he was't wanted.
人们告诉他，他们不需要他，这一定已经使得他特别失望.
主动：You should bear in mind that he wasn't present.
被动: That he wasn't present should be borne in mind.
或It should be borne in mind that he wasn't present.
你应记住他未出席。
主动：You should have taken those books back to the library.
被动：Those books should have been taken back to the library.
你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。
主动：They may have left it in the sun.
被动：It may have been left in the sun.
他们可能已把它放在阳光下了。
may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，决不能用在疑问句中。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时，可用于各种结构。肯，否，陈，疑均可。
It can't have been lost in the post, can it?
它不可能在邮局丢失的吧：(反意疑问句)

否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前
在否定句的被动态中，否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后，不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中，第一助动词置于主语之前。
例：Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike?
not必须放在第一助动词has之后，第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?
为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢?
The exercises will not be done in class.
不可写成：The exercise will be not done in class.
我们将不在课堂上作练习。
In what other way could(一助) information about Mars be(二助) abtained?
用什么别的途径能获得火星的资料呢2
Why had he been imprisoned?
他为何入狱的?
Need she be told about it?
需要告诉他吗?
主动：No one has ever equalled your record.
被动：Your record has never been equalled.
没人刷新你的记录。

主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前
凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时，后面要用陈述语序。
例: What(主语) could be dropped from a satellite?
卫星上扔下何物?
What measures(主语) are being taken to develop this new science? (主语为疑问词what所修饰)
正在采取什么措施来发展这门新科学?
What kind of device(主语) is needed to make the control system simple? (主语为疑问词所修饰)
需要什么装置来使控制系统简化?
what has been done to improve the techniquse?
采取了什么措施来改进这些技术的? (what恰是句子的主语)
应指出的是有的学生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行变成被动了, 殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词．反身代词动词，同源宾语动词．系词．感官使役动词，短语动词的被动态。

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